Comparison between:
- Samsung Galaxy A8 (2018)
- Apple iPhone 11
- Apple iPhone SE (2020)
- Apple iPhone SE (2022)

Brand and model

Information about the brand, model and model alias (if any) of a specific device.

Samsung Galaxy A8 (2018)Apple iPhone 11Apple iPhone SE (2020)Apple iPhone SE (2022)
Samsung Galaxy A8 (2018)
Prices
Apple iPhone 11
Prices
Apple iPhone SE (2020)
Prices
Apple iPhone SE (2022)
Model aliasGalaxy A5 (2018)
SM-A530F
A530F
A2111
A2221
A2222
A2223
A2296
A2275
A2297
A2298
A2595
A2782
A2783
A2784
A2785

Design

Information about the dimensions and weight of the device, shown in different measurement units. Body materials, available colors, certifications.

Width70.6 mm
7.06 cm
0.232 ft
2.78 in
75.7 mm
7.57 cm
0.248 ft
2.98 in
67.3 mm
6.73 cm
0.221 ft
2.65 in
67.3 mm
6.73 cm
0.221 ft
2.65 in
Height149.2 mm
14.92 cm
0.49 ft
5.874 in
150.9 mm
15.09 cm
0.495 ft
5.941 in
138.4 mm
13.84 cm
0.454 ft
5.449 in
138.4 mm
13.84 cm
0.454 ft
5.449 in
Thickness8.4 mm
0.84 cm
0.028 ft
0.331 in
8.3 mm
0.83 cm
0.027 ft
0.327 in
7.3 mm
0.73 cm
0.024 ft
0.287 in
7.3 mm
0.73 cm
0.024 ft
0.287 in
Weight172 g
0.38 lbs
6.07 oz
194 g
0.43 lbs
6.84 oz
148 g
0.33 lbs
5.22 oz
148 g
0.33 lbs
5.22 oz
Volume88.48 cm³
5.37 in³
94.81 cm³
5.76 in³
67.99 cm³
4.13 in³
67.99 cm³
4.13 in³
ColorsBlack
Blue
Gold
Gray
Black
Product Red
Yellow
Purple
White
Green
White
Black
Gray
Midnight
Starlight
(PRODUCT) Red
Body materialsAluminium alloy
Glass
Glass
Aluminium alloy
Aluminium alloy
Glass
Aluminium alloy
Glass
CertificationIP68IP68IP67IP67

SIM card

The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) is used in mobile devices for storing data authenticating the subscribers of mobile services.

SIM card typeNano-SIMNano-SIM
eSIM
Nano-SIM
eSIM
Nano-SIM
eSIM
Number of SIM cards1111
FeaturesDual SIM optional (A variant of the model with two SIM card slots is available)---

Networks

A mobile (cellular) network is a radio system, which allows a large number of mobile devices to communicate with each other.

GSMGSМ 850 МНz
GSМ 900 МНz
GSМ 1900 МНz
GSМ 850 МНz (В5)
GSМ 900 МНz (В8)
GSМ 1900 МНz (В2)
GSМ 850 МНz (В5)
GSМ 900 МНz (В8)
GSМ 1900 МНz (В2)
GSМ 850 МНz (В5)
GSМ 900 МНz (В8)
GSМ 1900 МНz (В2)
CDMA-CDMA 800 MHz (BC0)
CDMA 1900 MHz (BC1)
CDMA 800 MHz (BC0)
CDMA 1700/2100 MHz (BC15)
CDMA 1900 MHz (BC1)
CDMA 800 MHz (BC0)
CDMA 1700/2100 MHz (BC15)
CDMA 1900 MHz (BC1)
CDMA2000-1xEV-DO Rev. A1xEV-DO Rev. A1xEV-DO Rev. A
TD-SCDMA-TD-SCDMA 1900 MHz
TD-SCDMA 2000 MHz
TD-SCDMA 1900 MHz
TD-SCDMA 2000 MHz
TD-SCDMA 1900 MHz
TD-SCDMA 2000 MHz
UMTSUМТS 900 МНz
UМТS 1700/2100 МНz
UМТS 1900 МНz
UМТS 2100 МНz
UМТS 900 МНz (В8)
UМТS 1700 МНz (В4)
UМТS 1900 МНz (В2)
UМТS 2100 МНz (В1)
--
LTELТЕ-ТDD 2300 МНz (В40)
LТЕ-ТDD 2500 МНz (В41)
LТЕ-ТDD 2600 МНz (В38)
LТЕ 700 МНz Сlаss 17
LТЕ 800 МНz
LТЕ 850 МНz
LТЕ 900 МНz
LТЕ 1700/2100 МНz
LТЕ 1800 МНz
LТЕ 2100 МНz
LТЕ 2600 МНz
LТЕ 800 МНz (В18)
LТЕ 800 МНz (В19)
LТЕ 1700/2100 МНz (В66)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В12)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В13)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В14)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В17)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В29)
LТЕ-FDD 800 МНz (В20)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В5)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В18)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В19)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В26)
LТЕ-FDD 900 МНz (В8)
LТЕ-FDD 1700 МНz (В4)
LТЕ-FDD 1800 МНz (В3)
LТЕ-FDD 1900 МНz (В2)
LТЕ-FDD 1900 МНz (В25)
LТЕ-FDD 2100 МНz (В1)
LТЕ-FDD 2600 МНz (В7)
LТЕ-ТDD 1900 МНz (В39)
LТЕ-ТDD 2000 МНz (В34)
LТЕ-ТDD 2300 МНz (В40)
LТЕ-ТDD 2500 МНz (В41)
LТЕ-ТDD 2600 МНz (В38)
LТЕ-FDD 2300 МНz (В30)
LТЕ-FDD 600 МНz (В71)
LТЕ-ТDD 3500 МНz (В42)
LТЕ-ТDD 3500 МНz (В48)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В12)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В13)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В14)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В17)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В29)
LТЕ-FDD 800 МНz (В20)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В5)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В18)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В19)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В26)
LТЕ-FDD 900 МНz (В8)
LТЕ-FDD 1700 МНz (В4)
LТЕ-FDD 1700 МНz (В66)
LТЕ-FDD 1800 МНz (В3)
LТЕ-FDD 1900 МНz (В2)
LТЕ-FDD 2100 МНz (В1)
LТЕ-FDD 2600 МНz (В7)
LТЕ-ТDD 1900 МНz (В39)
LТЕ-ТDD 2000 МНz (В34)
LТЕ-ТDD 2300 МНz (В40)
LТЕ-ТDD 2500 МНz (В41)
LТЕ-ТDD 2600 МНz (В38)
LТЕ-ТDD 3600 МНz (В48)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В12)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В13)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В14)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В17)
LТЕ-FDD 700 МНz (В29)
LТЕ-FDD 800 МНz (В20)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В5)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В18)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В19)
LТЕ-FDD 850 МНz (В26)
LТЕ-FDD 900 МНz (В8)
LТЕ-FDD 1700 МНz (В4)
LТЕ-FDD 1700 МНz (В66)
LТЕ-FDD 1800 МНz (В3)
LТЕ-FDD 1900 МНz (В2)
LТЕ-FDD 2100 МНz (В1)
LТЕ-FDD 2600 МНz (В7)
LТЕ-ТDD 1900 МНz (В39)
LТЕ-ТDD 2000 МНz (В34)
LТЕ-ТDD 2300 МНz (В40)
LТЕ-ТDD 2500 МНz (В41)
LТЕ-ТDD 2600 МНz (В38)
LТЕ-ТDD 3600 МНz (В48)
5G NR---5G-FDD 700 MHz (n28)
5G-FDD 800 MHz (n20)
5G-FDD 850 MHz (n5)
5G-FDD 900 MHz (n8)
5G-SUL 700 MHz (n83)
5G-FDD 1800 MHz (n3)
5G-FDD 1900 MHz (n2)
5G-FDD 1900 MHz (n25)
5G-FDD 2100 MHz (n1)
5G-TDD 2300 MHz (n40)
5G-TDD 2500 MHz (n41)
5G-TDD 2600 MHz (n38)
5G-TDD 3500 MHz (n78)
5G-TDD 3700 MHz (n77)
5G-TDD 4700 MHz (n79)

Mobile network technologies and bandwidth

Communication between devices within mobile networks is realized via various generations of network technologies, which provide different bandwidth.

Mobile network technologiesUМТS
GРRS
LТЕ Саt 11
UМТS
GРRS
LТЕ Саt 18
ЕV-DО Rеv. А
UМТS
GРRS
LТЕ Саt 16
ЕV-DО Rеv. А
UМТS
GРRS
LТЕ Саt 16
ЕV-DО Rеv. А
ТD-НSDРА
-Gigabit-class LTE with 2x2 MIMO and LAA2x2 MIMO
LAA4
2x2 MIMO
LAA4

Operating system

Operating system is the system software, which manages and controls the functioning of the hardware components of the device.

Operating system (OS)Аndrоid 7.1.1 Νоugаt
Аndrоid 8.0 Оrео
Аndrоid 9.0 Рiе
iОS 13iОS 13iОS 15
User interface (UI)Experience 8.5---

System on Chip (SoC)

A system on a chip (SoC) includes into a single chip some of the main hardware components of the mobile device.

SoCSаmsung Ехynоs 7 Осtа 7885Аррlе А13 Вiоniс АРL1W85Аррlе А13 Вiоniс АРL1W85Аррlе А15 Вiоniс АРL1W07
Process technology14 nm7 nm7 nm5 nm
CPU2х 2.2 GНz АRМ Соrtех-А73, 6х 1.6 GНz АRМ Соrtех-А53--Аvаlаnсhе аnd Вlizzаrd
CPU bits64 bit64 bit64 bit64 bit
Instruction setARMv8-AARMv8-AARMv8-A-
Level 1 cache memory (L1)16 KB + 16 KB16 KB + 16 KB16 KB + 16 KB16 KB + 16 KB
CPU cores8666
CPU frequency2200 MHz2650 MHz2650 MHz3220 MHz
GPUARM Mali-G71---
GPU cores-444
RAM capacity4 GB4 GB3 GB-
RAM typeLPDDR4LPDDR4XLPDDR4-
RAM channels-Double channel--
-8-core neural engine (NPU)-16-core Neural Engine

Storage

Every mobile device has a built-in storage (internal memory) with a fixed capacity.

Storage32 GB
64 GB
64 GB
128 GB
256 GB
64 GB
128 GB
256 GB
64 GB
128 GB
256 GB
UFS 2.0UFS 2.1UFS 2.0UFS 2.1

Memory cards

Memory cards are used in mobile devices for expanding their external storage capacity.

TypesmicroSD
microSDHC
microSDXC
---

Display

The display of a mobile device is characterized by its technology, resolution, pixel density, diagonal length, color depth, etc.

Type/technologySuper AMOLEDIPSIPSIPS
Diagonal size5.6 in
142.24 mm
14.22 cm
6.1 in
154.94 mm
15.49 cm
4.7 in
119.38 mm
11.94 cm
4.7 in
119.38 mm
11.94 cm
Width2.75 in
69.73 mm
6.97 cm
2.92 in
74.09 mm
7.41 cm
1.93 in
48.99 mm
4.9 cm
2.25 in
57.08 mm
5.71 cm
Height4.88 in
123.97 mm
12.4 cm
5.36 in
136.08 mm
13.61 cm
4.29 in
108.87 mm
10.89 cm
4.13 in
104.85 mm
10.48 cm
Aspect ratio1.778:1
16:9
1.837:12.222:11.837:1
Resolution1080 x 1920 pixels1176 x 2160 pixels1080 x 2400 pixels1176 x 2160 pixels
Pixel density393 ppi
154 ppcm
403 ppi
158 ppcm
560 ppi
220 ppcm
523 ppi
205 ppcm
Color depth24 bit
16777216 colors
24 bit
16777216 colors
24 bit
16777216 colors
24 bit
16777216 colors
Display area82.34 %88.54 %57.44 %64.46 %
Other featuresCapacitive
Multi-touch
Scratch resistant
Capacitive
Multi-touch
Scratch resistant
Capacitive
Multi-touch
Scratch resistant
Capacitive
Multi-touch
Scratch resistant
Corning Gorilla Glass 4
Always-On Display
Oleophobic (lipophobic) coating
Liquid Retina display
True tone display
HDR10
1400:1 static contrast ratio
Wide color display (P3)
625 cd/m² brightness
Ion-strengthtened glass
Retina HD display
Haptic Touch
1400:1 contrast ratio
625 cd/m²
Oleophobic (lipophobic) coating
LED-backlit
Wide Color display (P3)
Ion-strengthtened glass
Retina HD display
Haptic Touch
Ceramic Shield
1400:1 contrast ratio
625 cd/m²
Oleophobic (lipophobic) coating
LED-backlit
Wide Color display (P3)

Sensors

Different sensors measure different physical quantities and convert them into signals recognizable by the mobile device.

SensorsProximity
Light
Accelerometer
Compass
Gyroscope
Barometer
Fingerprint
Proximity
Light
Accelerometer
Compass
Gyroscope
Proximity
Light
Accelerometer
Compass
Gyroscope
Barometer
Proximity
Light
Accelerometer
Compass
Gyroscope
Barometer
---Home button-embedded fingerprint sensor

Rear camera

The primary camera of the mobile device is usually placed on its back and can be combined with one or more additional cameras.

Sensor modelSamsung S5K2P6SXSony Exmor RSSony Exmor RSSony Exmor RS
Sensor typeISOCELLCMOSCMOSCMOS
Sensor format1/2.8"1/2.55"1/3"1/3"
Pixel size1.12 µm
0.001120 mm
-1.22 µm
0.001220 mm
1.22 µm
0.001220 mm
Aperturef/1.7f/1.8f/1.8f/1.8
Focal length and 35 mm equivalent--3.99 mm
28 mm *(35 mm / full frame)
3.99 mm
28 mm *(35 mm / full frame)
Field of view78 °---
Number of lenses-666
Flash typeLEDDual LED--
Image resolution4608 x 3456 pixels
15.93 MP
4032 x 3024 pixels
12.19 MP
4032 x 3024 pixels
12.19 MP
4032 x 3024 pixels
12.19 MP
Video resolution1920 x 1080 pixels
2.07 MP
3840 x 2160 pixels
8.29 MP
3840 x 2160 pixels
8.29 MP
3840 x 2160 pixels
8.29 MP
Video FPS30 fps60 fps60 fps60 fps
FeaturesAutofocus
Continuous shooting
Digital zoom
Geotagging
Panorama
HDR
Touch focus
Face detection
White balance settings
ISO settings
Exposure compensation
Self-timer
Scene mode
Autofocus
Continuous shooting
Digital zoom
Optical image stabilization
Geotagging
Panorama
HDR
Touch focus
Face detection
White balance settings
ISO settings
Exposure compensation
Self-timer
Scene mode
Phase detection autofocus (PDAF)
Night Mode
Autofocus
Continuous shooting
Digital zoom
Optical image stabilization
Geotagging
Panorama
HDR
Touch focus
Face detection
White balance settings
ISO settings
Exposure compensation
Self-timer
Scene mode
Macro mode
RAW
Autofocus
Continuous shooting
Digital zoom
Optical image stabilization
Geotagging
Panorama
HDR
Touch focus
Face detection
White balance settings
ISO settings
Exposure compensation
Self-timer
Scene mode
Macro mode
RAW
-Pixel size - 1.4 µm
Focal length (35 mm equivalent) - 26mm
1080p @ 240 fps
100% Focus Pixels
5x digital zoom
1080p @ 240 fps
Cinematic video stabilization
Secondary rear camera - 12 MP (ultra-wide)
Aperture size - f/2.4 (#2)
Angle of view - 120° (#2)
Focal length (35 mm equivalent) - 13mm (#2)
5-element lens (#2)
TOF (Time of Flight) 3D camera
Quad-LED dual-tone flash
Flash type - Quad LED
Hybrid IR filter
Noise reduction
Sapphire crystal glass lens cover
1080p @ 240 fps
Flash type - Quad LED
Hybrid IR filter
Noise reduction
Sapphire crystal glass lens cover
Smart HDR 4
Deep Fusion
Photographic Styles

Front camera

Modern smartphones have one or more front cameras and their positioning has led to various design concepts – pop-up camera, rotating camera, notch, punch hole, under-display camera, etc.

Sensor modelSamsung S5K3P8SP---
Sensor typeISOCELLCMOS BSICMOS BSICMOS BSI
Sensor format1/3.1"---
Pixel size1 µm
0.001000 mm
-1 µm
0.001000 mm
1 µm
0.001000 mm
Aperturef/1.9f/2.2f/2.2f/2.2
Focal length and 35 mm equivalent3.6 mm
27 mm *(35 mm / full frame)
-2.87 mm
32 mm *(35 mm / full frame)
2.87 mm
32 mm *(35 mm / full frame)
Image resolution4864 x 3274 pixels
15.92 MP
4416 x 2761 pixels
12.19 MP
3344 x 2142 pixels
7.16 MP
3472 x 2063 pixels
7.16 MP
Video resolution1920 x 1080 pixels
2.07 MP
3264 x 2448 pixels
7.99 MP
1920 x 1080 pixels
2.07 MP
1920 x 1080 pixels
2.07 MP
Video FPS30 fps60 fps30 fps30 fps
FeaturesFace unlockFace unlockHDR
Digital image stabilization
HDR
Digital image stabilization
Aperture size - f/1.9 (#2)
Secondary front camera - 8 MP
HDR
1080p @ 120 fps
Cinematic video stabilization
720p @ 240 fps720p @ 240 fps

Audio

Information about the type of speakers and the audio technologies supported by the device.

SpeakerLoudspeaker
Earpiece
Loudspeaker
Earpiece
Stereo speakers
Loudspeaker
Earpiece
Stereo speakers
Loudspeaker
Earpiece
Stereo speakers
-Stereo sound recording
Active noise cancellation with a dedicated microphone
Dolby Atmos
Spatial audio playback
Dolby Digital Plus
HAC (M3/T4) - Hearing Aid Comaptibility
Dolby Digital Plus
HAC (M3/T4) - Hearing Aid Comaptibility

Radio

The radio in a mobile device is a built-in FM radio receiver.

RadioYesNoNoNo

Tracking/Positioning

Information about the positioning and navigation technologies supported by the device.

Tracking/PositioningGРS
А-GРS
GРS
А-GРS
GLОΝАSS
GРS
А-GРS
GРS
А-GРS
GLОΝАSS

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a technology that provides wireless data connections between various devices within a short range.

Wi-Fi802.11а
802.11b
802.11g
802.11а
802.11аd
802.11а
802.11b
802.11g
Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ах)
802.11а
802.11ас 5GНz
802.11а
802.11b
802.11g
Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ах)
802.11а
802.11аd
802.11а
802.11b
802.11g
Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ах)
802.11а
802.11ас 5GНz
-2x2 MiMO2x2 MIMO2x2 MIMO

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a standard for secure wireless data transfer between different types of devices over short distances.

Version5.05.05.05.0
FeaturesA2DP
AVRCP
DIP
HFP
HID
HSP
MAP
OPP
PAN
PBAP
HOGP
A2DP
LE
A2DP
LE
A2DP
LE

USB

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard that allows different electronic devices to exchange data.

Connector typeMicro USB---
Version2.02.02.02.0
FeaturesCharging
Mass storage
On-The-Go
Charging
Mass storage
Proprietary
Charging
Mass storage
Proprietary
Charging
Mass storage
Proprietary

Headphone jack

The headphone jack is an audio phone connector, a.k.a. an audio jack. The most widely used one in mobile devices is the 3.5 mm headphone jack.

Headphone jackYesNoNoNo

Connectivity

Information about other important connectivity technologies supported by the devices.

ConnectivityComputer sync
OTA sync
Tethering
NFC
ANT+
Computer sync
OTA sync
Tethering
NFC
VoLTE
Computer sync
OTA sync
Tethering
NFC
VoLTE
Computer sync
OTA sync
Tethering
NFC
VoLTE

Browser

A web browser is a software application for accessing, fetching, displaying and navigating through information on the World Wide Web.

BrowserHTML
HTML5
CSS 3
HTML
HTML5
CSS 3
HTML
HTML5
CSS 3
HTML
HTML5
CSS 3

Audio file formats/codecs

Mobile devices support various audio file formats and codecs, which respectively store and code/decode digital audio data.

Audio file formats/codecsAAC
AMR
AMR-WB
eAAC+
FLAC
M4A
MIDI
MP3
OGG
WMA
WAV
FLAC
MP3
AAC‑LC
HE‑AAC
HE‑AAC v2
Protected AAC
Linear PCM
Apple Lossless
Dolby Digital
Dolby Digital Plus
Dolby Atmos
Audible
Audible Enhanced Audio
AAX
AAX+
AAC
AAC+
AMR
AMR-WB
eAAC+
FLAC
MIDI
MP3
OGG
WMA
WAV
AIFF
AAC
AAC+
AMR
AMR-WB
eAAC+
FLAC
MIDI
MP3
OGG
WMA
WAV
AIFF

Video file formats/codecs

Mobile devices support various video file formats and codecs, which respectively store and code/decode digital video data.

Video file formats/codecs3GPP
3GPP2
AVI
Flash Video
H.263
H.264
H.265
MKV
MP4
VC-1
VP8
VP9
WebM
WMV
WMV7
WMV8
Xvid
H.264
HEVC
MPEG‑4 Part 2
Motion JPEG
3GPP
AVI
H.263
H.264
QuickTime
MPEG-4
3GPP
AVI
H.263
H.264
QuickTime
MPEG-4

Battery

The batteries of mobile devices differ in capacity and technology. They provide the electrical charge needed for the functioning of the devices.

Capacity3000 mAh3110 mAh1821 mAh2018 mAh
TypeLi-IonLi-IonLi-IonLi-Ion
2G talk time19 h
1140 min
0.8 days
-12 h
720 min
0.5 days
-
3G talk time19 h
1140 min
0.8 days
-12 h
720 min
0.5 days
-
Charger output power-9 V / 2 A5 V / 1 A5 V / 1 A
Quick charge technology--USB Power Delivery 2.0USB Power Delivery 2.0
FeaturesFast charging
Non-removable
Wireless charging
Fast charging
Non-removable
Wireless charging
Fast charging
Non-removable
Wireless charging
Fast charging
Non-removable
-Qi wireless charging
Wireless reverse charging
Video playback - up to 17hrs
Video playback (streamed) - up to 10hrs
Audio playback - up to 65hrs
Qi wireless chargingQi wireless charging

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

The SAR rating shows the amount of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by the human body when using a mobile device, expressed in W/kg.

Head SAR (EU)0.581 W/kg0.62 W/kg0.65 W/kg0.65 W/kg
Body SAR (EU)1.56 W/kg0.6 W/kg0.6 W/kg0.6 W/kg
Head SAR (USA)0.8 W/kg0.712 W/kg0.74 W/kg0.765 W/kg
Body SAR (USA)1.03 W/kg0.799 W/kg0.825 W/kg0.816 W/kg
Simultaneous Head SAR (USA)-1.413 W/kg1.481 W/kg1.398 W/kg
Simultaneous Body SAR (USA)-1.524 W/kg1.574 W/kg1.532 W/kg
Wi-Fi Hotspot SAR-1.169 W/kg1.195 W/kg1.186 W/kg
Simultaneous Wi-Fi SAR-1.524 W/kg1.574 W/kg1.532 W/kg
FCC ID-BCG-E3309A
BCG-E3304A
BCG-E3500A
BCG-E3501A
BCG-E4082A
BCG-E4083A
BCG-E8064A
BCG-E8076A
 Samsung Galaxy A8 (2018)Apple iPhone 11Apple iPhone SE (2020)Apple iPhone SE (2022)